Before the first class

• Get a Google Account
• Install Android Studio
• Download the App Code
• Optional: Prep your Android device
• Bonus: learn about Java and Android

HINT: Press Down Arrow ↓ to navigate to the sub-sections below.

Google Account

If you have one, create one for free.

We are going to use this for logging in to the apps we will be creating.

Android Studio

If you don't have it already, download and install Android Studio.

This is the editor we will use to write our apps.

Download Android SDKs

Once Android Studio is installed, go to the Android SDK Manager inside Android Studio (Tools -> Android -> SDK Manager) and check two things:

1. Under the "SDK Platforms" tab check that Android 7.0 (Nougat) API 24 is installed or download if needed.
2. Then in the "SDK Tools" tab on that screen download the Support Repository / Android Support Repository if not already installed.

Get Code

Download the code for this class:

1. Go to GitHub atroutt/android-beginners
2. On the top right press "Clone or download" and click "Download ZIP"
3. On your computer, open the zip files with your favorite unzip program and put the 'android-beginners' folder somewhere you can find it later. This repo contains the source for the app we will be using in this class in addition to these slides.

Optional: Prep your Android device

If you have an an Android phone enable developer options so that you can install and run your own apps.

An Android phone is not required for this course.

Bonus: Learn about Java and Android

If you just can't wait to get started, here's some resources to start learning now:

• Google's Android Training specifically, Building your First App (free)
• Udacity's Developing Android Apps (free)
• Udacity's How to use Git and Github (free)
• Head First Java, 2nd Edition by Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates
• Udemy's Java Tutorial for Complete Beginners (free)

HINT: This is the end of the section, press Right Arrow → to navigate to the next section.

Course Overview

1. Running your first app
2. Anatomy of an app
3. APIs and authentication
4. Cameras and photos
5. Testing and Refactoring

HINT: Press ESC to enter the slide overview.

Please do

• Ask questions
• Be brave
• Take breaks
• Help each other out

Your first app

In this section you will learn how to create or import a new project into Android Studio, and build and run it on your device or emulator.

Tour of Android Studio

There's a lot to see and do in Android Studio. Let's take a brief tour of the parts we will use in this course.

Create a New App

Set the name and package for your app. Choose a project location or use the suggested directory.

Create a New App

Select Phone and Tablet and press Next

Create a New App

For now, select Empty Activity to start (it's the simplest) and press Next

Create a New App

Leave the default name and press Finish. Your app will be generated!

Create a New App

You should see this error-free code after Gradle, our build tool, finishes syncing.

Run your App

In the top menu choose "Run 'app'"

Android Studio is going to ask you to "Select Deployment Target" — this means choose the device you would like to run on

PRO TIP: Check the box that says "Use same device for future launches."

Hello World!

You should see this on your device!

Project 1: First Run

Import and run our class app for the first time.

Download App Code

If you haven't already,
download the source code for the first app (zip).

Alternatively, download the repo using git:

https://github.com/atroutt/android-beginners.git

Import Project

Launch Android studio

Choose to open an existing Android Studio Project (File -> New -> Import Project)

Choose the AndroidBeginnersFirstApp folder on your computer.

Gradle Sync

Before you can run your first app, you need to make sure you have all the dependencies downloaded. To do that select "Sync Project with Gradle Files" from the top menu bar. This may take a minute.

Run your App (!)

In the top menu choose "Run 'app'"

Android Studio is going to ask you to "Select Deployment Target" — this means choose the device you would like to run on

PRO TIP: Check the box that says "Use same device for future launches."

Project 1: First Run

If you can see this, then you are all set up!

Go ahead and snap a selfie!

Anatomy of an app

Now that you have been introduced to Android Studio, let's dissect an app!

Application

This is an app, also known as an Application

Application

Every app has one Application class

Activity

An app usually has many screens.

These are called Activities.

Activity

Here's a screen from our app. It is defined by an Activity class you'll see later.

View

An Activity usually has many views

View

An Activity usually has many views

But first

Just Enough Java

Just Enough Java

What does all this mean?

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import android.app.Application;

public class MyFirstApplication extends Application {

    int toastLength = Toast.LENGTH_LONG;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        showToast("I have been created!");
    }

    public void showToast(String message) {
        Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

Just Enough Java

What does all this mean?

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import android.app.Application; // import

public class MyFirstApplication extends Application { // class

    int toastLength = Toast.LENGTH_LONG; // field

    @Override
    public void onCreate() { // method
        super.onCreate();
        showToast("I have been created!");
    }

    public void showToast(String message) { // method
        Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

Just Enough Java

Anything after // is a comment in Java.

// This is a comment

Just Enough Java

Every line of code must end with a semi-colon;

int numberOfErrors = 0;

Just Enough Java

Most things in Java are object.

A class is the definition of an object in Java

// this is a class
public class MyFirstApplication extends Application {
    // your fields and methods go in here
}

All of your code goes inside of classes.

Just Enough Java

A method defines the behavior of your class.

Everything your app does will be defined inside of methods inside of classes.

public void showToast(String message) { // this is a method
    Toast.makeText(this, message, toastLength).show();
}

Just Enough Java

A field holds some data for your object.

public class MyFirstApplication extends Application {

    int toastLength; // this is a field

    public void showToast(String message) {
        Toast.makeText(this, message, toastLength).show();
    }
}

PRO TIP: always put your fields at the top of your class, above any methods.

Just Enough Java

Up at the top above the class body there are two things you will see: the package and import declarations.

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import android.app.Application;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.Date;

package is like a folder path to your class--it will be auto-generated for you.

import is used to include other code into your class.

Anatomy of an App (Continued)

Let's dissect an app!

Application

This is an app, also known as an Application

Application

Your application is always represented in your Application's Manifest, AndroidManifest.xml.

Application

The Android Manifest is an XML file that declares things like the name of your Application, what Activities it includes, and which Activity should be displayed on launch.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:name=".MyFirstApplication">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="Welcome to the First App!"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".PaintingListActivity"
            android:label="Paintings (List)"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".PaintingDetailActivity"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

Application

An instance of your Application class is created when your app launches and sticks around until your app is stopped.

You are not required to create your own Application class implementation. There is a default that works well enough for simple use cases.

Application

If you do create your own implementation it has to extend android.app.Application. It will look something like this:

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import android.app.Application;

public class MyFirstApplication extends Application {

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        // At this point my first application was just created
    }
}

Activity

As we learned earlier, an app can have many Activities.

Activity

Here's a screen from our app.

Activity

Activities are registered in your Application Manifest

Here you can see three Activities for my app.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:name=".MyFirstApplication">
				<!-- Here's the first Activity -->
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="Welcome to the First App!"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".PaintingListActivity"
            android:label="Paintings (List)"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".PaintingDetailActivity"
            android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

Activity

Let's take a look at our MainActivity.

HINT: The name MainActivity can be anything you want. It's only by convention that the name has "Activity" in it. The only requirement is that the class extends Activity.

MainActivity

Inside an Activity class you again see an onCreate method. This is often where you set up what is displayed on the screen.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Snackbar.make(view, "Hello, Test!", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
            }
        });

        DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this, drawer, toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close);
        drawer.setDrawerListener(toggle);
        toggle.syncState();

        NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
        navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        if (drawer.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)) {
            drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
        } else {
            super.onBackPressed();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle navigation view item clicks here.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        if (id == R.id.nav_camera) {
            // Handle the camera action
        } else if (id == R.id.nav_list) {
            Intent listIntent = new Intent(this, PaintingListActivity.class);
            startActivity(listIntent);
        }

        DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
        return true;
    }
}

Activity Lifecycle

From developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html#ProcessLifecycle

MainActivity

There will also be methods for any of the actions that can be taken with the views (buttons, toggles, menus, etc.) on the screen.

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
	DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
	if (drawer.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.START)) {
		drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
	} else {
		super.onBackPressed();
	}
}

@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
	int id = item.getItemId();

	if (id == R.id.nav_camera) {

	} else if (id == R.id.nav_list) {
		Intent listIntent = new Intent(this, PaintingListActivity.class);
		startActivity(listIntent);
	}

	DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
	drawer.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
	return true;
}

Intent

Now we can talk about how you navigate between Activities: Intents!

Intent

Navigating between Activities is done with the use of Intents, like this:

Intent listIntent = new Intent(this, PaintingListActivity.class);
startActivity(listIntent);

An Intent is a message to the Android operating system that we'd like to start the Activity named in the Intent.

HINT: Intents can only be created with a "context", which for us means an Activity. The startActivity method is defined for us in the Activity base class that we extend.

Intent

Intents are useful for more than switching between screens. They are the way to kick off all sorts of actions from your app:

• making calls
• viewing contacts
• picking files/images
• snapping images with the camera
• social sharing
• ...and more!

Reference: common intents

Email Intent

Here's an example of a method that creates an intent to send an email:

public void composeEmail(String[] addresses, String subject) {
	Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
	intent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:")); // only email apps
	intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, addresses);
	intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
	if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
		startActivity(intent);
	}
}

Capture Photo Intent

Here's an example of a method that creates an intent to capture a photo with the camera app:

static final int REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1;

private void dispatchTakePictureIntent() {
    Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
    }
}

Capture Photo Intent Result

When you call startActivityForResult you have to pass a code that you can use to match the response with your request.

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
  if (requestCode == CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
    // A picture was just taken, let's display that in our image view
    editImage();
    updateMainImageFromFile();
  }
}

Project 2: Connect the Screens

Head over to Android Studio for our second project.

Project 2: Connect the Screens

For this project, your goal is to create intents so that each of the menu items in the drawer lead to the correct screens. Open MainActivity and find onNavigationItemSelected

1. nav_camera should fire a Capture Photo Intent. NOTE: I have already implemented the onActivityResult with the code CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE
2. nav_list should display the PaintingListActivity
3. nav_grid should display the PaintingGridActivity
4. nav_web should take you to this website
5. nav_share should fire a social share Intent
6. nav_send should open an email Intent

HINT: You can either try to figure those out from the previous lessons, or from the Android docs, or continue down for some copy and paste code snippets.

nav_camera

nav_camera should fire a Capture Photo Intent

if (id == R.id.nav_camera) {
  // TODO Project 2: create an intent for the MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE
  Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
  intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, getAndroidBeginnerImageUri()); // set the image file name
  startActivityForResult(intent, CAPTURE_IMAGE_ACTIVITY_REQUEST_CODE);
}

nav_list

nav_list should display the PaintingListActivity

} else if (id == R.id.nav_list) {
  // TODO Project 2: create an intent for the PaintingListActivity
  Intent listIntent = new Intent(this, PaintingListActivity.class);
  startActivity(listIntent);
}

nav_grid

nav_grid should display the PaintingGridActivity. This is just like nav_list, but with a different class--see if you can figure this out!

nav_web

nav_web should take you to this website

} else if (id == R.id.nav_web) {
  // TODO Project 2: create an intent to open a url
  Uri webpage = Uri.parse("http://audreytroutt.com/android-beginners/");
  Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);
  if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(intent);
  }
}

nav_share

nav_share should fire a social share Intent

I've already implemented a shareAction() method because I need it for the Floating Action Button (FAB).

} else if (id == R.id.nav_share) {
  // TODO Project 2: create an intent to social share about this app
  shareAction();
}

nav_send

nav_send should open an email Intent

} else if (id == R.id.nav_send) {
  // TODO Project 2: create an intent to send an email
  Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
  intent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:")); // only email apps should handle this
  intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[] { "gdiandroidbeginners@mailinator.com"});
  intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Testing out my Email Intent -- Success!");
  if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(intent);
  }
}

APIs and Authentication

Most of the code that makes apps work isn't code you write yourself--instead we use libraries.

A library will provide an API for implementing the features you need.

API stands for Application Program Interface, and it means the classes and methods that you need to use to leverage all this code that other people wrote.

Dependencies

Dependencies are libraries that your project needs to work.

You can add libraries manually by putting a copy of the library (usually a .jar or .aar file) in your project and instructing the gradle build script to include this file when it builds your app.

Or, you can use a dependency management system, like gradle, to automatically download and include the required libraries into your app.

build.gradle

Gradle is both our build tool and our dependency managment system. The build.gradle script gives instructions for how to build the app and which dependencies to download and include.

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
  compileSdkVersion 24
  buildToolsVersion "24.0.3"

  defaultConfig {
    applicationId "com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp"
    minSdkVersion 16
    targetSdkVersion 24
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
  }

  buildTypes {
    release {
      minifyEnabled false
      proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
  }
}

dependencies {
  compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
  testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

  // Support libraries
  compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.1'
  compile 'com.android.support:design:24.2.1'
  compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:24.2.1'
  compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:24.2.1'

  // picasso
  compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'

  // TODO Project 3: add the firebase auth dependencies here
}

Using Libraries

Once you've added a library to your project, you need to know how to use it. There are four kinds of documentation for most libraries:

1. Getting Started Instructions
2. Formal API Documentation
3. Feature Usage Guides
4. Sample apps

Getting Started Instructions

Getting started instructions usually tell you how to get the library and maybe how to initialize the main class.

Formal API Documentation

Formal API documentation will list every class, method, and field in the API. Often these are in javadoc format.

Feature Usage Guides

Feature usage guides give you step by step instructions for how to use a specific feature of the API.

Sample Apps

Sample apps are helpful because you can see a working example of the API.

How Authentication Works

When we use an authentication service there are typically three steps:

1. Send request for authentication using API
2. Receive success token or failure response from auth service
3. (Optional) Request additional user info with success token

How Authentication Works

By Henrik Jachobsen

Firebase

Firebase is a service that can do authentication AND store data.

Rather than forcing your app users to remember a new username and password you can let them log in with Google instead.

You can authenticate with Google and then use the Google success token to authenticate with Firebase.

Project 3: Google Login with Firebase

For this project, your goal is to add a login screen to our app.

We are going to use Google to log in so that we don't have to remember any usernames or passwords.

Authentication

Let's add a login screen to our app to learn more about who is using the app.

Reference: Using Firebase Auth

Add Firebase and Google Auth Libraries

Add the following dependencies to your app's build.gradle file inside the dependencies{...} section

dependencies {
  // ...

  // TODO Project 3: add the firebase auth dependencies here
  compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:9.8.0'
  compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:9.8.0'
  compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:9.8.0'
}

HINT: There are two build.gradle files for your project. One is labled "Module" and the other "Project". The Module one is the one we want to edit.

Add Firebase and Google Auth Libraries

Add the following line to your app's build.gradle file outside the dependencies{...} section at the bottom of the file.

// Add to the bottom of the file outside of dependencies
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

HINT: Always sync gradle after editing build.gradle. Android Studio will remind you.

Create Login Activity

Go to File->New->Activity and choose "Empty Activity"

Edit your Manifest.xml

Remove the launch intent filter from MainActivity.

<activity
  android:name=".MainActivity"
  android:label="Android Beginners"
  android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">

  <!-- TODO Project 3: Remove this intent when you add the LoginActivity -->
  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
  </intent-filter>
</activity>

Edit your Manifest.xml

Check that your LoginActivity looks like this:

<activity
  android:name=".LoginActivity"
  android:label="@string/app_name">

  <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
  </intent-filter>
</activity>

Set Up Login Activity layout

Open activity_login.xml and replace it's contents with this layout.

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp.LoginActivity">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:src="@drawable/cell_bg"
        android:contentDescription="@string/background_image_description"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        android:gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal">

        <com.google.android.gms.common.SignInButton
            android:id="@+id/sign_in_button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/logged_in_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:textSize="40sp"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</FrameLayout>

Set up the Sign In Button

Findy your LoginActivity onCreate method and set up a reference to your sign in button.

public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

	private TextView mStatusTextView;
	private SignInButton mSignInButton;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

		mSignInButton = (SignInButton) findViewById(R.id.sign_in_button);
		mSignInButton.setSize(SignInButton.SIZE_WIDE);
		mStatusTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.logged_in_name);
	}
}

Set up Google Auth in OnCreate

public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener {

  // ...

  private GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

    // ... other stuff you already set up

    // Set up Google Auth and request basic user profile data and email
    GoogleSignInOptions gso = new GoogleSignInOptions.Builder(GoogleSignInOptions.DEFAULT_SIGN_IN)
        .requestIdToken(getString(R.string.default_web_client_id))
        .requestEmail()
        .build();
    mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
        .enableAutoManage(this, this)
        .addApi(Auth.GOOGLE_SIGN_IN_API, gso)
        .build();
  }

  @Override
  public void onConnectionFailed(@NonNull ConnectionResult connectionResult) {
    Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionFailed:" + connectionResult.getErrorMessage());
  }
}

Set up Firebase Auth in OnCreate

Inside onCreate also set up Firebase Authentication.

// ...
private FirebaseAuth mAuth;
private FirebaseAuth.AuthStateListener mAuthListener;
private static final String TAG = "LoginActivity";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

  // ... other stuff you already set up

  // Set up Firebase Auth
  mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
  mAuthListener = new FirebaseAuth.AuthStateListener() {
    @Override
    public void onAuthStateChanged(@NonNull FirebaseAuth firebaseAuth) {
      FirebaseUser user = firebaseAuth.getCurrentUser();
      if (user != null) {
        // User is signed in
        Log.d(TAG, "onAuthStateChanged:signed_in:" + user.getUid());
      } else {
        // User is signed out
        Log.d(TAG, "onAuthStateChanged:signed_out");
      }
    }
  };
}

Add onStart and onStop

We only want to listen for authentication while the login activity is visible.

Add these methods inside your LoginActivity, after onCreate.

@Override
public void onStart() {
  super.onStart();
  mAuth.addAuthStateListener(mAuthListener);
}

@Override
public void onStop() {
  super.onStop();
  if (mAuthListener != null) {
    mAuth.removeAuthStateListener(mAuthListener);
  }
}

Listen for button presses

Make Your LoginActivity the listener for the sign in button and implement an onClick method.

                                                                                                            // # 1 ADD IMPLEMENTS OnClickListener
public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener, OnClickListener {

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // ...

    // # 3 setOnClickListener
    mSignInButton.setOnClickListener(this);
    // ...
  }

  // # 2 ADD onClick
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
    if (R.id.sign_in_button == v.getId()) {
      Toast.makeText(this, "Sign In Button was pressed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
  }
}

Sign In on Button Press

Use an intent! This starts a Google Auth activity.

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
  if (R.id.sign_in_button == v.getId()) {
    Intent signInIntent = Auth.GoogleSignInApi.getSignInIntent(mGoogleApiClient);
    startActivityForResult(signInIntent, RC_SIGN_IN);
  }
}

Handle Google Login response

When the Google auth is done it will call back to our LoginActivity onActivityResult method. If successful we want to tell Firebase who you are.

private static final int RC_SIGN_IN = 111;

// ...

@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

  // 1. if the result is for our sign in request
  if (requestCode == RC_SIGN_IN) {
    GoogleSignInResult result = Auth.GoogleSignInApi.getSignInResultFromIntent(data);
    if (result.isSuccess()) {
      // 2. if Google Sign In was successful, get the Google account
      GoogleSignInAccount account = result.getSignInAccount();

      // 3. Display the welcome text on the LoginActivity status text view
      String text = getResources().getString(R.string.welcome_on_login, account.getDisplayName());
      mStatusTextView.setText(text);

      // 4. Hide the sign in button so that you can't sign in again
      mSignInButton.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);

      // 5. Tell Firebase to login with this Google account (this method won't exist until you create it in the next step!)
      firebaseAuthWithGoogle(account);
    } else {
      // 6. Google Sign In failed, update status message
      mStatusTextView.setText("Login Failed");
    }
  }
}

Create the missing method

Use Android Studio to automatically create the missing method, firebaseAuthWithGoogle. Add the following implementation:

private void firebaseAuthWithGoogle(final GoogleSignInAccount acct) {
  Log.d(TAG, "firebaseAuthWithGoogle:" + acct.getId());
  AuthCredential credential = GoogleAuthProvider.getCredential(acct.getIdToken(), null);
  mAuth.signInWithCredential(credential).addOnCompleteListener(this, new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() {
    @Override
    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) {
      Log.d(TAG, "signInWithCredential:onComplete:" + task.isSuccessful());

      if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
        // Firebase login failed even though Google login was successful
        Log.w(TAG, "signInWithCredential", task.getException());
        Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this, "Authentication failed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        mSignInButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
      } else {
        // Firebase login successful
        FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
        UserProfileChangeRequest profileUpdates = new UserProfileChangeRequest.Builder()
          .setDisplayName(acct.getDisplayName())
          .setPhotoUri(acct.getPhotoUrl())
          .build();
        user.updateProfile(profileUpdates).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
          @Override
          public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
            if (task.isSuccessful()) {
              // We are all done authenticating with Firebase

              // TODO show the MainActivity! Do you remember how to create an intent and call startActivity?
            }
          }
        });
      }
    }
  });
}

Google Debug Certificate

In order to use Google Login you need to add your debug certificate fingerprint to our Firebase account.

Follow these instructions to get your SHA-1 developer fingerprint. It will look something like this:

SHA1: DA:39:A3:EE:5E:6B:4B:0D:32:55:BF:EF:95:60:18:90:AF:D8:07:09

Now you can log in!

Run the app and try logging in with Google!

BONUS: Update User In Drawer

In MainActivity find setUserInfoInDrawer and add the following implementation:

private void setUserInfoInDrawer() {
  // TODO Project 3: Get user info and display it at the top of the drawer
  FirebaseUser user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
  if (user != null) {
    NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
    View headerView = navigationView.getHeaderView(0);
    TextView currentUserEmail = (TextView) headerView.findViewById(R.id.current_user_email);
    currentUserEmail.setText(user.getEmail());
    TextView currentUserName = (TextView) headerView.findViewById(R.id.current_user_name);
    currentUserName.setText(user.getDisplayName());
    ImageView currentUserImage = (ImageView) headerView.findViewById(R.id.current_user_photo);
    Picasso.with(this).load(user.getPhotoUrl()).into(currentUserImage);
  }
}

BONUS: Sign Out

It's nice to be able to sign out too! We will need to set up a Google API Client in MainActivity.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener, GoogleApiClient.OnConnectionFailedListener {

  // ...

  private GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    // ... other stuff you already set up

    // Set up Google Auth and request basic user profile data and email
    GoogleSignInOptions gso = new GoogleSignInOptions.Builder(GoogleSignInOptions.DEFAULT_SIGN_IN)
        .requestIdToken(getString(R.string.default_web_client_id))
        .requestEmail()
        .build();
    mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
        .enableAutoManage(this, this)
        .addApi(Auth.GOOGLE_SIGN_IN_API, gso)
        .build();
  }

  @Override
  public void onConnectionFailed(@NonNull ConnectionResult connectionResult) {
    Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionFailed:" + connectionResult.getErrorMessage());
  }
}

BONUS: Sign Out

I've already added a Sign Out menu in the top right of the screen. Find onOptionsItemSelected in MainActivity to implement Sign Out:

if (id == R.id.action_sign_out) {
  // TODO Project 3: implement sign out
  Auth.GoogleSignInApi.signOut(mGoogleApiClient).setResultCallback(new ResultCallback<Status>() {
      @Override
      public void onResult(Status status) {
        if (status.isSuccess()) {
          Intent loginScreenIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, LoginActivity.class);
          startActivity(loginScreenIntent);
        }
      }
  });
  return true;
}

Camera and Photos

We already learned how to wire up a photo intent in the second project. There's more fun to be had with images, like editing them!

Bitmap

On Android, images are loaded into memory as Bitmaps

Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(getAndroidBeginnerImageUri().getPath(), null);

Bitmap

A bitmap is a representation of the image as a grid of pixels.

Canvas and Paint

You can edit your Bitmap by creating a Canvas and some Paint.

Just like good old MS Paint you can switch colors and draw different shapes, all with code!

Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(300, 300, null);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
Paint paint = new Paint();
paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
canvas.drawCircle(150, 150, 50, paint);

Paint Coordinates

The pixels are numbered by their x and y coordinates on the grid. With 0,0 at the top left.

X increases as you move to the right and Y increases as you move to the bottom.

Paint Coordinates

Most shapes are drawn from the top left, but when drawing text on a bitmap by default text is drawn from the bottom left of the text (not the top left!).

HINT: The bottom of the text is known as the baseline of the text. The tails of letters like y and g hang down below the baseline, so make room for them when placing your text.

Project 4: Image Editing

For this project, your goal is to update the snapped photo to add the words "Android Developer" on top.

MainActivity

In MainActivity look for the method editImage and your TODO comment there

private void editImage() {
	if (!isStoragePermissionGranted()) {
	    requestWriteExternalStoragePermission();
	}

	// Load the image into memory from the file
	Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(getAndroidBeginnerImageUri().getPath(), null);

	// Square up the image from the camera
	int croppedImageSize = (int)Math.min(bmp.getWidth(), bmp.getHeight());
	Bitmap cropped = centerCropBitmapToSquareSize(bmp, croppedImageSize);

	// TODO Project 4: Draw text on the cropped image

	// Finally, save the edited image back to the file
	saveBitmapToFile(cropped);
}
				  

Canvas and Paint

Create a Canvas from your bitmap--this is how you can "paint" on your image. Create a Paint object too!

Canvas canvas = new Canvas(cropped);
Paint paint = new Paint();

Configure your Paint

Set the size and color of the text that we want to write on the image

// I want the text to be about 1/10 as tall as the image
final int textSize = croppedImageSize / 10;
paint.setTextSize(textSize);
paint.setColor(ResourcesCompat.getColor(getResources(), R.color.colorPrimaryDark, null));

Calculate text position

You will need to tell your Paint where to draw the text on the image in terms of X and Y position.

X is the horizontal position of the text, relative to the left side. Y is the vertical position of the text, measured as how far the BOTTOM of the text is from the top of the image.

// it works out to start the text about 1/10 of the way into the image from the left, which is the same as our text size.
final int textXPosition = textSize;
// I want the text to be a little above the bottom of the image
final int textYPosition = croppedImageSize - (textSize / 2);

Draw the text!

Now that your paint and variables are configured you can draw the text to your canvas! Drawing on the canvas updates the image.

final String label = getString(R.string.android_developer_image_label);
canvas.drawText(label, textXPosition, textYPosition, paint);

HINT: if you want the text to stand out a little more, try adding a shadow layer to your Paint BEFORE you draw the text. Check out paint.setShadowLayer(...)

Save the edited image

Make sure that the call to save the edited bitmap is AFTER you are done painting on your canvas so that your changes will be there the next time you run the app.

// Save the edited image back to the file
saveBitmapToFile(cropped);

Success!

The next time you snap an image you should see your text added on top. Share that with your friends!

Want to do more?

There are infinite ways you can edit images. Check out the Canvas and Paint clases for ideas or try these:

• Draw a frame around your face
• Add a fun filter to your image
• Draw a little android on your shoulder

Testing

Android tests are based off of JUnit. There are two kinds of tests: unit tests and instrumented tests.

Android Test Guide

Create Test Directories

Normally when you create a new project Android Studio will create the unit test and instrumented test directories for you, but I have deleted them!

Switch to Project view in the Project Tool on the left and create test/java and androidTest/java under app/src

Create Unit Test Class

Cmd+click (Mac) or Ctrl+click (Windows) on test/java and Select New... -> Java Class.

Create FirstTest in package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp

Create Test Class

Paste in this implementation

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import org.junit.Test;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

public class FirstTest {

  @Test
  public void trueIsTrue() {
      assertThat(true, is(true));
      assertEquals(true, true);
      assertTrue(true);
  }

  @Test
  public void falseIsFalse() {
      assertThat(false, is(false));
      assertEquals(false, false);
      assertFalse(false);
  }
}

Unit Test Dependencies

We already have the junit 4.12 dependency in our project

dependencies {
    ...
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    ...
}

Run the Unit Test

Cmd+click (Mac) or Ctrl+click (Windows) on FirstTest and select Run 'FirstTest'

Test Results

Down in the Run tool, you should see the results of your tests

Create Integrated Test

Cmd+click (Mac) or Ctrl+click (Windows) on androidTest/java and Select New... -> Java Class and create MainActivityTest in package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp

Unit Test Dependencies

We need to add several dependencies to build Integrated Tests

dependencies {
    ...
    // for Instrumented Tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.2.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat-v7'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'recyclerview-v7'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'design'
    })
    ...
  }

Create Integrated Test

Paste in this implementation

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import android.support.test.filters.LargeTest;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.contrib.DrawerActions.open;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MainActivityTest {

    /**
     * ActivityTestRule will create and launch of the activity for you and also expose
     * the activity under test. To get a reference to the activity you can use
     * the ActivityTestRule#getActivity() method.
     */
    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void navigateToPaintingList() throws Exception {
        onView(withId(R.id.drawer_layout)).perform(open());

        onView(withText("Painting List")).perform(click());

        onView(withId(R.id.painting_list_recycler_view)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }

    @Test
    public void navigateToPaintingGrid() throws Exception {
        onView(withId(R.id.drawer_layout)).perform(open());

        onView(withText("Painting Grid")).perform(click());

        onView(withId(R.id.painting_grid_recycler_view)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }
}

Run the Unit Test

Cmd+click (Mac) or Ctrl+click (Windows) on FirstTest and select Run 'FirstTest'

Test Results

Down in the Run tool, you should see the results of your tests

Refactoring

Usually the first way you write your code isn't the best way to write it.

Refactoring means changing the way the code is written without changing the behavior of the code.

Refactoring

Here are some of the most common refactoring moves and how to do them in Android Studio:

1. Rename a method or a variable or a class shift+fn+F6 (Mac)
2. Extract a method or a variable option+cmd+v for variable, option+cmd+m for method (Mac)
3. Move code from one method or class to another shift+F6 to move a method to another class (Mac)
4. Delete code that isn't needed
5. Rewrite code or replace with library code

Refactoring and Testing

Refactoring and testing go hand and hand--in order to feel confident that you can refactor without breaking things, you need tests you can run to prove that everything is still working as expected.

Project 5: More Tests

Create a new class DeveloperDaysCalculator and write test for it.

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DeveloperDaysCalculator {

    public static long daysIveBeenAnAndroidDeveloper(Date startDate, Date today) {
        final long millisecondsAsAndroidDeveloper = today.getTime() - startDate.getTime();
        long daysAsAndroidDeveloper = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toDays(millisecondsAsAndroidDeveloper);
        return daysAsAndroidDeveloper;
    }
}

Project 5: More Tests

Create a new unit test class DeveloperDaysCalculatorTests and write tests!

package com.audreytroutt.androidbeginners.firstapp;

import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Calendar;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class DeveloperDaysCalculatorTests {

    @Test
    public void calculateDaysIveBeenAnAndroidDeveloper() {
        Calendar today = Calendar.getInstance();
        today.set(2016, Calendar.NOVEMBER, 13, 20, 01); // 11/14/2016

        // 1. TODO make a startDate

        // 2. TODO call DeveloperDaysCalculator.daysIveBeenAnAndroidDeveloper

        // 3. TODO make a test assertion about what the days should be

    }
}

BONUS: Refactor and use ButterKnife

We can refactor our app to take advantage of ButterKnife!

dependencies {
  compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.4.0'
  annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.4.0'
}